[文摘]How do plants decide what to do?

ruiwo

How do plants decide what to do?
Have you ever wondered how a pea knows it’s a pea and not a peony? Or how the seed knows when it’s warm enough to emerge from the soil?
Well wonder no more; we have the answers. Here’s what we learned from The Life Scientific.

1. Plants change continuously
Plants are incredible. They have to develop continuously to adapt to their environment. Whilst animals change in small windows of time; in the womb or in the pupa, for example, a plant, once rooted, has to stay put and adapt to its surroundings. Two genetically exact plants can become a huge leafy bush or a small weed with a long root system. This means that there is a huge range of genetic potential in plants.
2. Plant cells communicate with each other
The growth of plants is driven by cells found at the tips of seeds, roots and leaves called meristems. These have to communicate with each other and the root system for the plant to grow at its best. This is done using plant hormones, like orexin. A shoot forms from the meristem and produces a leaf; the next shoot could form from that leaf, but the orexin hormone stops it, so that the leading shoot is prohibitive to other shoots. When you prune a plant, and remove the main stem, the other stems can grow (using their own orexin) and the plant then bushes out.

3. Plants know how to grow from their food
Plants know how to grow from the nutrients they are receiving. If they grow in a high nitrogen area they’ll produce lots of branches and leaves, making a bigger plant with more seeds. In a low nitrogen area they’ll grow a good root system and use the soil for their nutrients. The root system, via hormones, can modulate the competition for buds and the plants become bushier. Plants know when to invest in growth. It’s a bit like economics.
4. Scientists can read plants’ ‘minds’
New genetic research has meant that scientists can work out what changes the plant has made. For example, tagging an orexin hormone gene with fluorescent protein (found in jellyfish) means they can track the orexin travelling around the plant! The link between DNA and what the plant looks like can now be seen. The genetic research that used to take three and a half years in the early 1990s now only takes a month, meaning much more ambitious research into how plants grow can be done.

5. Plants are a genetic mess
Because humans have bred plants for years and crossed them, genetically they’re a bit of a mess. Genetic modification can make specific traits clearer as it enables one gene, for example a gene that makes the plant vulnerable to disease, to be isolated. Most plants naturally will not give up their seed easily, but over years we have unilaterally disarmed plants to get at the bit we use the most of.
6. To learn more about plants, we need to learn from each other
Science is about collaboration and the movement of people - a sharing of ideas that will only come from open borders and an inclusive culture. It should include everybody. We all live in the natural world after all and we’ve all got a vested interest in its future.
So have a quick look round - if your begonia’s a bit woebegone or the office fern is sadly drooping, go and have a chat with it and reassure it that you know how it’s feeling.
It’s a combination of hormones, hunger and being in the wrong place at the wrong time. We've all been there.

dream守望者

恩   讲的很有道理   楼下你说呢

冷箭残心

我也觉得很有道理。不知道1楼的看懂了几层呢。

捻捻转

楼上两位，麻烦帮翻译一下呗

ruiwo

冷箭残心 发表于 2017-5-29 15:51
我也觉得很有道理。不知道1楼的看懂了几层呢。

今天有个奇怪的想法，当我们给肉肉授粉杂交时，到底是我们的想法呢，还是肉肉的想法呢。

冷箭残心

捻捻转 发表于 2017-5-29 16:29
楼上两位，麻烦帮翻译一下呗

只可意会不可言传

BlackHeart

lou zhu shame, lai kan kan fan yi automatic

1。不断变化的植物
植物令人难以置信。他们必须不断发展，以适应他们的环境。当动物在时间的小窗口中发生变化时，例如，在子宫或蛹中，植物一旦扎根，就必须保持和适应周围环境。两个基因精确的植物可以成为一个巨大的叶状布什或一个小杂草长根系统。这意味着植物有巨大的遗传潜力。
2。植物细胞相互沟通
植物的生长是由种子的提示找到电池驱动，根和叶称为分生组织。这些必须相互沟通和根系统的植物生长在其最好的。这是通过使用植物激素，如食欲。拍摄形式从分生组织产生叶；下一拍可以形成从叶，但食欲激素停止它，使主导拍摄是禁止其他拍摄。当你修剪植物，去除主茎，其他茎长（用自己的食欲素）和植物然后灌木丛了。
3.植物知道如何从食物中成长
植物知道如何从所接收的营养中生长。如果它们生长在高氮区，就会产生大量的枝叶，形成一株种子更大的植物。在低氮地区，他们会种植一个好的根系，利用土壤来获取养分。通过激素，可以调节根系，芽和植物的竞争变得更加浓密。植物知道何时投资增长。这有点像经济学。
4。科学家能读懂植物的思想
新的基因研究意味着科学家们能算出植物的变化。例如，用荧光蛋白标记的食欲激素基因（发现水母）意味着他们可以追踪orexin环游植物！DNA和植物的外观之间的联系现在可以被看到。在90年代初用了三年半的时间进行的基因研究现在只需要一个月的时间，这就意味着对植物生长的研究更为雄心勃勃。
5。植物是遗传混乱
因为人类已经繁殖了好几年植物并且杂交了，基因上它们有点混乱。基因改造可以使特定性状更清楚，因为它使一个基因，例如一个基因，使植物容易受到疾病，被隔离。大多数植物自然不会放弃他们的种子很容易，但是多年来我们已经单方面解除植物获得的点我们使用的大部分。
6。要了解更多的植物，我们需要互相学习
科学是关于合作和人的运动-一个共享的想法，只会来自开放的边界和包容性的文化。它应该包括每个人。毕竟我们都生活在自然世界里，我们对未来都有既得利益。
所以有一个快速的环顾四周——如果你的海棠有点愁眉苦脸或办公室蕨是可悲的下垂，去和它有一个聊天和安抚它，你知道它的感觉。
这是荷尔蒙，饥饿和错误的时间在错误的地方的组合。我们都在那里

ruiwo

BlackHeart 发表于 2017-5-30 20:16
lou zhu shame, lai kan kan fan yi automatic

1。不断变化的植物

可以试一试应必翻译。

BlackHeart

ruiwo 发表于 2017-5-30 21:30
可以试一试应必翻译。

you can try 1 try