【Small.5】【资料】【兜】A. asterias forma albina

颜小五

Cultivation: Variegated and albinous cacti are regarded as choice and difficult in cultivation, but despite that many of them are relatively easy to grow.  But be aware that they cannot tolerate prolonged exposure to direct sun light (especially during the hottest summer days), so grow them in half-shade or under filtered sun. They are  sometime seen as grafted plants, but many grow well on their own roots, too.
On the contrary, the albinos can survive only if grafted on a strong green base.
Use mineral well-permeable substratum with little organic matter (peat, humus). Water sparingly from March till October and keep perfectly dry in winter at temperatures from 5 to 15 degrees centigrade. (In general these plants are more  tender and cannot endure freezing temperatures ) In the rest period no high atmospheric humidity!!
Propagation: Almost usually by seed. Plants are often grafted onto column-shaped cacti.
种植：杂色和白化的仙人掌被认为是选择和困难的栽培，但尽管它们中的许多相对容易生长。 但要注意，他们不能容忍长时间暴露在阳光直射（特别是在炎热的夏季），所以他们在半阴或太阳下过滤。 他们有时候被看作是嫁接的植物，但是许多植物也是自己生长的。
相反，只有嫁接在强大的绿色基地上，白化才能存活。
使用矿物质渗透性良好的有机质（泥炭，腐殖质）。 从3月份到10月份节水，冬季保持完全干燥，温度在5至15摄氏度。 （一般这些植物更嫩，不能忍受冰冻的温度）在休息期间没有高的大气湿度！
繁殖：几乎通常由种子。 植物通常嫁接到柱形仙人掌上。
VARIEGATION, ALBINISM & SCHIZOCHROMISM.
Variegation: A variegated plant has sectors, patches or stripes with two or more different colours, even distinct shades of green. Plants with variegated stems or leaves are often attractive and highly prized.  In most species the stems or leaves are normally green, and variegated epidermis is an uncommon mutation, termed a chimera.  A chimeral variegation is due to losing the ability to produce chlorophyll in some of the plant’s tissue, so that this tissue is no longer green. Tissues lacking chlorophyll are usually white or pale yellow coloured (due to carotenoidpigments) or red (due to betalain or anthocyanin pigments) contrasting with the normal green tissue. There are several forms of variegation, depending on the tissues that have been affected. The variegation in some forms is unstable. The extent and nature of the variegation can vary, and sometimes the plant will return to the green form. In others it is stable and does not change under normal conditions. Because the variegation is due to the presence of two kinds of plant tissue, propagating the plant must be by a vegetative method of propagation that preserves both types of tissue in relation to each other.
Albinism: Every once in a while a plant exhibits albinism (completely lacking chlorophyll pigment). This means that its tissue is unable to carry out  photosynthesis.  The result is a completely cream-white yellow or reddish plant. This plant will be weaker than a green plant, and albinism is generally a fatal trait (it can't produce its own food and it's not getting it from anything else). Without chlorophyll, the albino plant has no way to manufacture the food needed for survival and growth to maturity. This implies that these plants cannot survive on their own roots and necessitate being grafted on a normal green plant that provides food. Some of these albino plants are indeed very popular, and sought after by collectors.
Schizochromism: The yellow or red appearance of some plants is more precisely caused by another aberration called "schizochromism". Here, though, the specific green pigment (chlorophyll) is missing: every other pigment is present at normal levels. The dominant green colouration is lost, but the plant will still more than likely have normal other pigments that give the yellow overall appearance of stems and the red colouration of spines.
变异，混合与辛基色色。
斑驳杂色：杂色的植物具有两种或更多种不同颜色的部分，补丁或条纹，甚至是不同的绿色阴影。具有杂色茎或叶的植物通常具有吸引力并且非常珍贵。在大多数物种中，茎或叶通常是绿色的，杂色的表皮是不常见的突变，被称为嵌合体。一个chimeral variegation是由于失去的能力，在植物的一些组织中产生叶绿素，使这个组织不再是绿色的。缺乏叶绿素的组织通常是白色或浅黄色（由于类胡萝卜色素）或红色（由于甜菜红素或花青素色素）与正常绿色组织形成对比。有多种形式的斑驳，取决于受影响的组织。有些形式的变化是不稳定的。杂色的程度和性质可能会有所不同，有时工厂将回到绿色的形式。在其他情况下，它是稳定的，在正常情况下不会改变。因为杂色是由于两种植物组织的存在所致，所以繁殖植物必须通过营养繁殖方法来保持两种类型的组织相互之间的关系。
白化病：每隔一段时间，植物会出现白化（完全缺乏叶绿素色素）。这意味着它的组织不能进行光合作用。结果是完全奶油白色黄色或微红的植物。这种植物比绿色植物弱，白化病通常是一种致命的特性（它不能生产自己的食物，也不能从其他任何东西中获得食物）。没有叶绿素，白化植物就无法生产生存和生长所需的食物。这意味着这些植物无法在自己的根上生存，需要在提供食物的正常绿色植物上嫁接。其中一些白化植物确实非常受欢迎，受到收藏家的追捧。
Schizochromism：一些植物的黄色或红色外观更精确地是由另一种称为“分裂色素”的畸变所引起的。但是，在这里，特定的绿色素（叶绿素）不见了，每一种色素都存在于正常水平。主要的绿色着色失去了，但是植物仍然有更多的可能具有正常的其他颜料，使得茎的黄色整体外观和刺的红色。
个人见解：A. asterias forma albina不知道指的是全锦的黄色个体兜锦还是指这个园艺品种的名字，因为在兜手册中兜锦的拉丁名字是A. asterias Variegate。有机会买到这个种子的话可以播种试一试。

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屁屁c1a

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大胆呆河马

“Cultivation: Variegated and albinous cacti are regarded as choice …”
A. asterias Variegate
A. asterias forma albina
所谓“拉丁名”并不是拉丁文，而是将英文拉丁化
A. asterias Variegate就是Variegated A. asterias 斑锦兜
A. asterias forma albina就是albinous A. asterias 全锦兜

Eddy

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颜小五

大胆呆河马 发表于 2017-11-14 22:12
“Cultivation: Variegated and albinous cacti are regarded as choice …”
A. asterias Variegate
A.  ...

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全锦兜